India Food and Agriculture: Record Foodgrain Output, Milk and PM-KISAN

Agriculture and allied activities account for nearly one-fifth of India's gross value added at current prices, employ about 46.1% of the workforce and support close to 55% of the population [1]. The sector has grown at an average of around 4.4% a year at constant prices over the past five years [1].

The Union budget allocation for agriculture rose from Rs 21,933 crore in 2013-14 to Rs 1.30 lakh crore in 2026-27 [1].

In 2024-25 India recorded foodgrain output of 357.73 million tonnes, an increase of 25.43 million tonnes over the previous year [1]. Output included 150.18 million tonnes of rice, 117.94 million tonnes of wheat, 25.68 million tonnes of pulses and 18.59 million tonnes of millets, while horticulture output reached 362.08 million tonnes [1].

The Third Advance Estimates for 2025-26 put total foodgrain production at 376.563 million tonnes, nearly 18.8 million tonnes (5.3%) higher than 357.732 million tonnes in 2024-25 and the highest on record [2]. Rice is estimated 3.84 million tonnes above the 150.184 million tonnes of 2024-25 [2]. Wheat is estimated at 120.657 million tonnes against 117.945 million tonnes, and maize at a record 55.093 million tonnes against 43.409 million tonnes [2]. Shree Anna (millets) production is estimated at 17.584 million tonnes [2].

India's milk production rose from 146.3 million tonnes in 2014-15 to a record 247.87 million tonnes in 2024-25, according to the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying [3]. Per capita milk availability was 485 grams per day in 2024-25, against a world average of 394 grams [3].

Agricultural exports rose from USD 34.5 billion in FY20 to USD 51.1 billion in FY25, with the share of processed food rising to 20.4% [1].

PM-KISAN gives eligible farmer families Rs 6,000 a year in three equal instalments of Rs 2,000, paid by direct benefit transfer to Aadhaar-seeded bank accounts [1]. A total of Rs 4.27 lakh crore has been disbursed in 22 instalments [1]. Crop insurance claims paid have exceeded Rs 1.90 lakh crore [1].

Other programmes cited by the government include the National Food Security and Nutrition Mission, the Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses and the National Mission on Edible Oils, which aims for self-reliance in edible oils by 2030-31 [1].

Crop figures come from PIB releases of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. 2024-25 values are final estimates; 2025-26 values are Third Advance Estimates and may be revised. Quantities are in million tonnes. Milk data are DAHD official estimates. Indian years run April-March. 1 lakh crore = 1 trillion rupees. The number of PM-KISAN beneficiaries was not verified for this edition, so only cumulative disbursement is reported. The Economic Survey's exact GVA share was not verified; the 'nearly one-fifth' figure is from a PIB backgrounder.